Chapter 87
Migrate from PaLM to Gemini model
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.Migrate from PaLM to Gemini model
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| Author(s) | Jason Dai, Naveksha Sood |
Overview
This notebook guides you through evaluating PaLM and Gemini foundation models using multiple metrics in an EvalTask to support decisions around migrating from one model to another.
We'll visualize these metrics to gain insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each model, ultimately helping you make an informed decision about which one aligns best with the specific requirements of your use case.
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Learn more about Vertex Gen AI Evaluation Service SDK.
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Learn more about how to define your evaluation metrics.
Get Started
Install Vertex AI Python SDK for Gen AI Evaluation Service
%pip install --upgrade --quiet google-cloud-aiplatform[evaluation]Restart runtime (Colab only)
To use the newly installed packages, you must restart the runtime on Google Colab.
import sys
if "google.colab" in sys.modules:
import IPython
app = IPython.Application.instance()
app.kernel.do_shutdown(True)Authenticate your notebook environment (Colab only)
Authenticate your environment on Google Colab.
import sys
if "google.colab" in sys.modules:
from google.colab import auth
auth.authenticate_user()Set Google Cloud project information and initialize Vertex AI SDK for Python
To get started using Vertex AI, you must have an existing Google Cloud project and enable the Vertex AI API. Learn more about setting up a project and a development environment.
PROJECT_ID = "[your-project-id]" # @param {type:"string"}
LOCATION = "us-central1" # @param {type:"string"}
EXPERIMENT_NAME = "customize-metrics" # @param {type:"string"}
if not PROJECT_ID or PROJECT_ID == "[your-project-id]":
raise ValueError("Please set your PROJECT_ID")
import vertexai
vertexai.init(project=PROJECT_ID, location=LOCATION)Import libraries
Import the Vertex AI Python SDK and other required Python libraries.
import pandas as pd
from vertexai.evaluation import EvalTask
from vertexai.language_models import TextGenerationModel
from vertexai.preview.evaluation import notebook_utilsCompare Foundation Models
Define an evaluation dataset
In this tutorial we use a few examples from the open-source XSum dataset for summarization.
Note: For best results we recommend using at least 100 examples.
instruction = "Summarize the following article: "
context = [
"To make a classic spaghetti carbonara, start by bringing a large pot of salted water to a boil. While the water is heating up, cook pancetta or guanciale in a skillet with olive oil over medium heat until it's crispy and golden brown. Once the pancetta is done, remove it from the skillet and set it aside. In the same skillet, whisk together eggs, grated Parmesan cheese, and black pepper to make the sauce. When the pasta is cooked al dente, drain it and immediately toss it in the skillet with the egg mixture, adding a splash of the pasta cooking water to create a creamy sauce.",
"Preparing a perfect risotto requires patience and attention to detail. Begin by heating butter in a large, heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat. Add finely chopped onions and minced garlic to the pot, and cook until they're soft and translucent, about 5 minutes. Next, add Arborio rice to the pot and cook, stirring constantly, until the grains are coated with the butter and begin to toast slightly. Pour in a splash of white wine and cook until it's absorbed. From there, gradually add hot chicken or vegetable broth to the rice, stirring frequently, until the risotto is creamy and the rice is tender with a slight bite.",
"For a flavorful grilled steak, start by choosing a well-marbled cut of beef like ribeye or New York strip. Season the steak generously with kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper on both sides, pressing the seasoning into the meat. Preheat a grill to high heat and brush the grates with oil to prevent sticking. Place the seasoned steak on the grill and cook for about 4-5 minutes on each side for medium-rare, or adjust the cooking time to your desired level of doneness. Let the steak rest for a few minutes before slicing against the grain and serving.",
"Creating a creamy homemade tomato soup is a comforting and simple process. Begin by heating olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add diced onions and minced garlic to the pot and cook until they're soft and fragrant. Next, add chopped fresh tomatoes, chicken or vegetable broth, and a sprig of fresh basil to the pot. Simmer the soup for about 20-30 minutes, or until the tomatoes are tender and falling apart. Remove the basil sprig and use an immersion blender to puree the soup until smooth. Season with salt and pepper to taste before serving.",
"To bake a decadent chocolate cake from scratch, start by preheating your oven to 350°F (175°C) and greasing and flouring two 9-inch round cake pans. In a large mixing bowl, cream together softened butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs one at a time, making sure each egg is fully incorporated before adding the next. In a separate bowl, sift together all-purpose flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Divide the batter evenly between the prepared cake pans and bake for 25-30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.",
]
reference = [
"The process of making spaghetti carbonara involves boiling pasta, crisping pancetta or guanciale, whisking together eggs and Parmesan cheese, and tossing everything together to create a creamy sauce.",
"Preparing risotto entails sautéing onions and garlic, toasting Arborio rice, adding wine and broth gradually, and stirring until creamy and tender.",
"Grilling a flavorful steak involves seasoning generously, preheating the grill, cooking to desired doneness, and letting it rest before slicing.",
"Creating homemade tomato soup includes sautéing onions and garlic, simmering with tomatoes and broth, pureeing until smooth, and seasoning to taste.",
"Baking a decadent chocolate cake requires creaming butter and sugar, beating in eggs and alternating dry ingredients with buttermilk before baking until done.",
]
eval_dataset = pd.DataFrame(
{
"prompt": [instruction + item for item in context],
"reference": reference,
}
)
eval_dataset.head()Define metrics
metrics = [
"rouge_l_sum",
"bleu",
"fluency",
"coherence",
"safety",
"groundedness",
"verbosity",
"text_quality",
"summarization_quality",
]Define EvalTask
experiment_name = "eval-sdk-model-selection" # @param {type:"string"}
eval_task = EvalTask(
dataset=eval_dataset,
metrics=metrics,
experiment=experiment_name,
)Evaluate PaLM text-bison model
generation_config = {"temperature": 0.5, "max_output_tokens": 256, "top_k": 1}
text_bison_model = TextGenerationModel.from_pretrained("text-bison@001")
def text_bison_model_fn(prompt):
return text_bison_model.predict(prompt, **generation_config).textmodel_name = "text-bison"
run_id = notebook_utils.generate_uuid(8)
experiment_run_name = f"eval-{model_name}-{run_id}"
text_bison_eval_result = eval_task.evaluate(
model=text_bison_model_fn,
experiment_run_name=experiment_run_name,
evaluation_service_qps=5,
)notebook_utils.display_eval_result(eval_result=text_bison_eval_result, title=model_name)Evaluate Gemini-2.5-Flash model
run_id = notebook_utils.generate_uuid(8)
experiment_run_name = f"eval-gemini-2.5-flash-{run_id}"
gemini_eval_result = eval_task.evaluate(
model="gemini-2.5-flash",
experiment_run_name=experiment_run_name,
evaluation_service_qps=5,
)notebook_utils.display_eval_result(
eval_result=gemini_eval_result, title="gemini-2.5-flash"
)Visualize the Eval Results and Compare
results = [
("text-bison", text_bison_eval_result),
("gemini-2.5-flash", gemini_eval_result),
]
notebook_utils.display_radar_plot(
results,
metrics=[
"fluency",
"coherence",
"safety",
"groundedness",
"verbosity",
"text_quality",
"summarization_quality",
],
)
notebook_utils.display_bar_plot(
results,
metrics=["rouge_l_sum", "bleu"],
)Output
The evaluation metric results from the
EvalTaskdemonstrate thatgemini-2.5-flashconsistently outperformed the PaLMtext-bisonmodel in this specific use case.
Given the superior performance of
gemini-2.5-flash, we recommend utilizing, or migrating to the model for this task.
